Hough Circle Transform {#tutorial_py_houghcircles}
======================

Goal
----

In this chapter,
    -   We will learn to use Hough Transform to find circles in an image.
    -   We will see these functions: **cv.HoughCircles()**

Theory
------

A circle is represented mathematically as \f$(x-x_{center})^2 + (y - y_{center})^2 = r^2\f$ where
\f$(x_{center},y_{center})\f$ is the center of the circle, and \f$r\f$ is the radius of the circle. From
equation, we can see we have 3 parameters, so we need a 3D accumulator for hough transform, which
would be highly ineffective. So OpenCV uses more trickier method, **Hough Gradient Method** which
uses the gradient information of edges.

The function we use here is **cv.HoughCircles()**. It has plenty of arguments which are well
explained in the documentation. So we directly go to the code.
@code{.py}
import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv

img = cv.imread('opencv-logo-white.png', cv.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
assert img is not None, "file could not be read, check with os.path.exists()"
img = cv.medianBlur(img,5)
cimg = cv.cvtColor(img,cv.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)

circles = cv.HoughCircles(img,cv.HOUGH_GRADIENT,1,20,
                            param1=50,param2=30,minRadius=0,maxRadius=0)

circles = np.uint16(np.around(circles))
for i in circles[0,:]:
    # draw the outer circle
    cv.circle(cimg,(i[0],i[1]),i[2],(0,255,0),2)
    # draw the center of the circle
    cv.circle(cimg,(i[0],i[1]),2,(0,0,255),3)

cv.imshow('detected circles',cimg)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()
@endcode
Result is shown below:

![image](images/houghcircles2.jpg)